Genetics 172:2391–2403īeumer KJ, Trautman JK, Bozas A, Liu J-L, Rutter J et al (2008) Efficient gene targeting in drosophila by direct embryo injection with zinc-finger nucleases. Nat Matt 8:23–26īeumer K, Bhattacharyya G, Bibikova M, Trautman JK, Carroll D (2006) Efficient gene targeting in Drosophila with zinc finger nucleases. Sci Rep 5:15885īaker M (2012) Gene editing nucleases. Springer Science & Business MediaĪwata H, Watanabe T, Hamasaki Y, Mito T, Noji S, Mizunami M (2015) Knockout crickets for the study of learning and memory: dopamine receptor Dop1 mediates aversive but not appetitive reinforcement in crickets. KeywordsĪvise JC (2012) Molecular markers, natural history and evolution. Applications of barcoding, gene editing, and genome engineering in insect pest management are discussed. However, the CRIPSR/Cas9 methods are also being improvised, and newer additions have further enhanced functional capabilities with reduced off-target effects. CRISPR/Cas9 technology is probably superseding ZFNs and TALENS. The latest genome editing technologies, particularly CRISPR/Cas9, are more efficient and precise to edit genes when the genome sequences for target genes are known. The recent establishment of genome editing technique provides the capacity for gene knock-out (KO), knock-in (KI), and/or knock-down (KD) in living cells. Compared to traditional breeding methods, genome editing technologies provide obvious advantages. DNA base barcoding enables rapid identification of molecular operational taxonomic unit (MOTU) for the assessment of any taxa. Production, formulation, and storage of entomopathogenic fungi can be dramatically improved through biotechnology and genetic engineering. DNA barcoding is employed for identifying, monitoring, dispersal, and establishment of insect pests and natural enemies. Molecular techniques like DNA barcoding and genome editing play a significant role in insect pest management.
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